COVID-19 and the impact of the vaccine onmaternal health during pregnancy: safetyand efficacy

Abstract

Introduction. During the COVID-19 pandemic, pregnant women were one of the most affected populations, with a significant increase in the risk of complications and mortality. Objectives. To review the evidence on the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in pregnant women and analyze their impact on maternal morbidity and mortality globally and in Peru. Methods. A narrative review of the scientific literature published in international databases and official public health
reports was conducted, focusing on observational studies, systematic reviews, and relevant clinical guidelines. Results. COVID-19 vaccines, especially mRNA vaccines, have demonstrated a favorable safety profile during pregnancy, with no association
with spontaneous abortion, congenital malformations, or preterm birth. They also showed significant efficacy in preventing severe disease and maternal mortality. In Peru, the inclusion of pregnant women in the national vaccination plan in 2021 was
associated with a marked reduction in maternal mortality attributed to COVID-19. Conclusions. COVID-19 vaccination in pregnant women is a key public health tool with proven benefits in reducing maternal morbidity and mortality. Its implementation should continue to be a priority in pandemic and epidemic outbreak contexts.